Following surgery on Tuesday, the Vatican confirmed Pope Leo XIV has lung cancer, and the lower lobe of his right lung was removed.
After a medical bulletin revealed tests had diagnosed the pope with lung adenocarcinoma, questions surfaced online about what exactly the disease is, what the diagnosis means and what comes next.
Here’s what you need to know:
What is lung adenocarcinoma?
Lung adenocarcinoma is a type of non-small cell lung cancer, one of the two main types of lung cancer. It occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs multiply uncontrollably and form a tumor, according to an article from Harvard Health Publishing at Harvard Medical School.
The most common form of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma accounts for about 40% of lung cancer cases in the U.S., according to the Lung Cancer Foundation of America. While it is often diagnosed in smokers, it is also the most common type of lung cancer among nonsmokers.
Lung adenocarcinoma begins in glandular cells in the outer parts of the lungs and tends to grow more slowly than other lung cancers, making it more likely to be detected before it spreads.
What are the symptoms of lung adenocarcinoma?
While many people with adenocarcinoma and other lung cancers experience no symptoms, symptoms that do develop are usually similar across types of lung cancer, according to Harvard Health Publishing.
Those symptoms include:
a cough that doesn’t go away coughing up blood or mucus wheezing shortness of breath trouble breathing chest pain hoarseness weight loss poor appetite.Who is most at risk?
Certain people face a higher risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma than others.
Cigarette smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lung cancer, though cigar and pipe smoking also significantly increase the risk, according to Harvard Health Publishing.
Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radon and asbestos. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that forms naturally in the ground and can seep into homes. Asbestos is a mineral that has been used in insulation, fireproofing materials, floor and ceiling tiles and other products.
How is it treated?
If the cancer has not spread, surgery is typically the recommended treatment. The type of surgery depends on how much of the lung needs to be removed.
A wedge resection removes only a small part of the lung Lobectomy removes one lobe of the lung Pneumonectomy removes an entire lungFor more advanced lung cancer, chemotherapy may be recommended to slow the cancer’s growth. Radiation therapy can help relieve symptoms, including pain when the cancer has spread to the brain or bones.
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