The patient, a 71-year-old man, lived for almost half a year after the procedure.
As a result, he was not eligible for a human liver transplant.
Two cases have previously been reported in brain dead patients as part of preparatory work.
Scientists in China described how they implanted an “auxiliary graft” from a genetically modified Diannan miniature pig. These gene edits were designed to enhance organ compatibility.
But on day 38, the graft was removed following complications linked to the transplant – a condition called xenotransplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (xTMA).
“This case proves that a genetically engineered pig liver can function in a human for an extended period,” said lead investigator Dr Beicheng Sun, from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in China’s Anhui Province.
In an accompanying editorial, Dr Heiner Wedemeyer, co-editor of the Journal, said: “This report is a landmark in hepatology. It shows that a genetically modified porcine liver can engraft and deliver key hepatic functions in a human recipient.
“Xenotransplantation may open completely new paths for patients with acute liver failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A new era of transplant hepatology has started.”
Pigs are the most promising donor animals due to the availability of pig, gene-editing technology, plus their size and similarities to human organs.
But gene-editing technology and new techniques to suppress the immune system have shown promise in several recent experiments.
The operation took place in 2022 and the 57-year-old died two months after the procedure, which took place at the University of Maryland Medical Centre in the US.
Richard Slayman had the transplant at Massachusetts General Hospital last year aged 62 - BERNAMA-PA MEDIA/dpa
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