Some 60,000 graduates who opted to overpay their student loans, voluntarily paid them off in full.
Thousands more opted to pay more towards their loan, if not clearing the balance, repaying millions of pounds more than they had to last year, new figures show.
Graduates with student loans are obliged to start repaying a portion of their income once they earn over a certain salary threshold, which varies depending on when they went to university and where they are from.
Payments are generally taken straight from their wages – if they are employees – but graduates can also opt to make voluntary repayments on top of this.
Some people may opt to do this to avoid paying the high interest rates on some of the loan plans, or to clear their debts before they apply for other borrowing – as it can increase the amount a bank will lend them for a mortgage.
But voluntary overpayments also come with risks.
Many borrowers never repay their loan in full via their obligatory repayments before they are wiped, so overpaying may mean they are repaying money they would never otherwise have to part with.
Last year alone, 216,520 people opted to overpay their loans by a collective £877.9m according to figures from the Student Loans Company obtained via freedom of information request. This means they each overpaid by around £4,000.
Of these, 60,000 cleared their loans in full, whereas the remaining 156,000 still had payments to make after repaying.
Campaigners said the way student loans were designed meant that any decision over whether to overpay a loan was “mind-bogglingly complex”.
Those on Plan 2 loans – who went to university between 2012 and 2022/23 from England or Wales – repay their loans once they start earning above £29,385 per year, but they also accrue interest at a rate that can be up to 3 per cent higher than inflation.
Those who will definitely pay the loan off in full before they are wiped 30 years after graduation could be better off repaying early if they can to avoid paying this interest, but those who will not repay in full may be wasting money by doing so, even if the interest means their loan is growing.
Toby Whelton, a researcher at the Intergenerational Foundation, said: “The very fact that young people’s financial prospects depend on such a risky, complex decision is indicative of the unfairness of the student finance system. Student debt has not only imposed high costs on younger generations but has also transferred risk on to them.”
“Students who make voluntary repayments yet fail to clear their debt will have thrown thousands down the drain. This could make the difference when saving for a deposit. The decision of whether to repay your student loan early can be mind-bogglingly complex.”
Ian Futcher, a financial planner at wealth manager Quilter, said changes to student loans terms were making decisions about overpaying harder.
The threshold at which graduates repay their loans usually rises each year, but from next year, the government has opted to halt this, for three years. The government has also promised to cap loan interest at 6 per cent, which is lower than the current rate of 6.2 per cent that some high-earners pay.
Futcher explained: “Graduates cannot know upfront whether they will ever repay the loan in full, which turns decisions like overpaying into a calculated gamble rather than a straightforward attempt to reduce interest. This data shows many are deciding to take that gamble.”
“The recent freeze in repayment thresholds makes that calculated risk harder to judge. When thresholds fail to rise with earnings, more graduates are pulled into repayments earlier and on a greater share of their income, even if their pay rises are modest. For many middle earners, this extends the repayment tail without increasing the likelihood of ever clearing the balance.
“In those cases, voluntary overpayments risk simply replacing a liability that would otherwise have been written off. That is why trying to beat the interest can be the wrong decision for a large proportion of borrowers. Interest only really matters for graduates who go on to earn enough to repay the loan in full.”
The decision about whether to pay off student loans varies massively depending on what type of plan you are on, the size of your loan and what you earn.
If you’re considering repaying early, it may be worth consulting a financial adviser first.
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