In a study published June 15 in the journal APL Quantum, scientists aimed to resolve a huge problem with the leading quantum processing units (QPUs): Qubits struggle to communicate and share quantum information with each other if they aren't immediate neighbors.
"One of the key challenges in quantum computing is long-range qubit connectivity," Maksym Myronov, an associate professor of semiconductor materials and devices at the University of Warwick in the U.K. and first author of the study, said in a statement. "Our work introduces a new concept in which phonons act as a quantum bus, enabling distant qubits to exchange quantum information while remaining fully compatible with semiconductor technology."
A "hole" here refers to the absence of an electron in a material, but it can act like a particle and have a spin state — a property used to encode quantum information — where the 1s and 0s of data would be represented by the direction of the particle's spin state.
Hole spin qubits combine long quantum coherence times — how long they can retain quantum information — with the ability to communicate using electron impulses in control systems. But they struggle to form bonds and share quantum information with qubits they don't directly neighbor. In any large-scale system, for instance, enabling this "quantum coupling" between distant qubits is essential for quantum error correction techniques to work effectively across the breadth of a massive system, the scientists said.
QPLs are engineered phononic waveguides and cavities that both confine and guide acoustic modes within a compressively strained germanium "quantum well," where a quantum well is an ultrathin layer that acts as a guide.
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By using a slow wave velocity (the speed of a quantum particle) and a short wavelength for acoustic excitations, the scientists used QPLs to link qubits separated by less than a micrometer (one-thousandth of a millimeter) and those up to 300 mm (11.8 inches) apart.
The combination of phononic engineering and hole-spin physics makes cs-GoS a promising platform for next-generation quantum architectures, they added, since it could achieve both long-range coherent coupling and large-scale integration.
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