But from plastic bottles to cardboard boxes, recycling is important—and has an impact. Recycled materials are key to reducing the extraction of natural materials like timber and aluminum. “It’s a really low-hanging fruit of something that you can do that does have a difference,” says Shelie Miller, professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability at the University of Michigan.
Sustainability experts say recycling doesn’t have to be that hard. Here are some of the biggest recycling mistakes people make—and what you should be doing instead.
That’s because different recycling plants use different equipment, and so they have different recycling rules.
Until that becomes more widespread across the country, there’s a simple rule you can follow, experts say. “Think about your bottles, cans, and containers that are in your laundry, kitchen, and bathrooms… and paper and cardboard,” says Cody Marshall, chief programs officer at The Recycling Partnership, a nonprofit dedicated to creating a better recycling system. “Those are things that are recyclable.”
What should you avoid recycling?
In fact, plastic is one the biggest sources of confusion when it comes to recycling. Most places only accept plastics 1 and 2—commonly used to make soda bottles or laundry detergent containers. Some places might accept plastics 4 and 5 (think a yogurt container or plastic straw.) “The rest are not really recyclable at all, and some are really bad to put into the recycling system in practice,” says Jennifer Russell, associate professor of Sustainable Biomaterials at Virginia Tech. Incorrect recycling can cause the machinery to break down, or contaminate the batch, degrading its value.
Meanwhile, if something is compostable, it does not mean it can be recycled. “Compostable and recyclable are two different things,” says Miller. “If you have something that says it's a compostable cup, often that means it's compostable plastic. Compostable plastics can't be recycled, and they have to go into a facility marked as [able to break-down] compostable plastics, if they're actually accepted in your community.”
Why you shouldn’t ‘wish-cycle’
“Wish-cycling is actually one of the biggest drivers of the high costs of the system. If we were putting just the right materials that are being asked for—aluminum cans, number 1 and number 2 plastics, the systems would have less contamination, less shutdown issues, and the materials coming out the other side would be of much higher value.”
These small changes really can make a difference. “That one choice that each of us makes every day to buy or use a single-use option instead of a reusable one, or to put it in the garbage can instead of the recycling one, they aggregate across the millions of people in the country who are making the same decisions every single day,” says Russell. “It’s important to remember that every one of those decisions actually does matter. Making the right decision can be very important if you're trying to make the system better.”
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