Aortic dissections occur when the inner layer of tissue in the aorta, which carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, ruptures. This allows blood to rush into the space between the lining of the blood vessel and the outer parts of the wall, peeling the lining back and weakening the whole structure.
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What are the symptoms of aortic dissection?
“The typical symptoms are sudden onset of chest pain that can radiate to the back or the neck,” says Cooper. “That pain can come and go, or it can be there very strongly and then fade within minutes or hours, depending on how the dissection progresses.”
Simon Jones is a survivor of the condition and trustee of the charity Aortic Dissection Awareness. In May 2020, when he was 49, Jones started to feel abdominal pain that was so persistent that after two hours, his wife called an ambulance. At the hospital, his doctor ordered a CT scan, which is the only way to rule out a dissection when someone has sudden abdominal pain. When the dissection popped on the screen, the doctors knew it wasn’t kidney stones or appendicitis or any of the other usual suspects for these types of symptoms.
Aortic dissections are rarer than some other forms of heart disease, says Dr. Amitava Banerjee, cardiologist and professor of clinical data science at University College London. Still, in the U.K., more people die of aortic dissection each year than die in road traffic accidents, says Jones. In the U.S., about 13,000 people die from aortic dissection every year.
How do you treat an aortic dissection?
Aortic dissections are not always recognized immediately. Without a CT scan, there is no way to know that it’s not something more benign causing the pain. Jones feels he owes his survival to an awareness campaign, ThinkAorta, that the charity for which he is now a trustee had circulated among doctors, including the one who saw him at his local hospital. “She'd seen the posters," he says, "and she had a hunch.”
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