New heat mapping tool points to hidden risks across San Diego, creates roadmaps to counter rising temperatures ...Middle East

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New heat mapping tool points to hidden risks across San Diego, creates roadmaps to counter rising temperatures
A composite map showing the level of heat risk faced by every census tract in San Diego County. (Image courtesy of San Diego Heat Risk Explorer by Shade SD)

A new San Diego heat mapping tool is revealing risks in places residents might least expect – including coastal neighborhoods that stay dangerously warm overnight despite cooler daytime temperatures. 

To confront rising temperatures across the county, local climate experts are “throwing shade” at the problem.

    Solutions for Heat Adaptation and Equity in San Diego, better known as Shade SD, is a new state-funded initiative focused on making San Diego more resilient to rising temperatures. The collaborative project pulls from over 75 public datasets, making unique comparisons that reveal different unseen risks residents face.

    The effort is led by the Regional Climate Collaborative at the University of San Diego, a network of public agencies, academics, nonprofits and businesses that develops climate adaptation strategies across the region.

    After receiving a state grant from the governor’s office, the Climate Collaborative joined forces with experts from the Heat Hub at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the cities of San Diego, Chula Vista and La Mesa. Their mission? Find the most effective ways to reduce extreme heat risks across the county, tailoring solutions to fit every city.

    Their new Heat Risk Explorer tracker helps residents identify risks and reduce heat in their communities – charting a path toward a cooler San Diego. By creating combinations of different maps, users can see how different factors raise or lower the temperature.

    Connor Mack, a Scripps PhD student and data scientist, incorporated feedback from project partners to expand the tool’s capabilities and improve its design, identifying unexpected nighttime risks in coastal areas. While these areas of San Diego are cooler during the day thanks to the ocean, he said, that changes when the sun goes down.

    “If you’re looking at nighttime heat, for example, coastal areas will light up because you have the marine layer, no overnight cooling and it’s very humid,” Mack said. “At night, in places you wouldn’t think there’s a high risk, it can actually be quite high.”

    Connor Mack, a Scripps PhD student, explaining the new heat map tool to an audience of climate experts at the San Ysidro Library. (Photo by Thomas Murphy/Times of San Diego)

    Comparing different kinds of data can reveal unseen risks, but these comparisons become significantly stronger the more specific the maps are.

    Most public data is organized by census tract – geographic areas that can vary dramatically in size. Urban tracts may cover only a few blocks, while rural tracts can span large areas, making neighborhood-level heat risks difficult to identify.

    By adding a population density layer, the project can “downscale” information from broad census tracts to specific neighborhoods. This added precision reveals the risks residents face exactly where they are, bringing the countywide scale down to the size of a city block.

    A composite map showing population density overlaid on a map showing the level of heat risk faced by every census tract in San Diego County. Central San Diego and El Cajon face high risks. (Image courtesy of San Diego Heat Risk Explorer by Shade SD)

    Another challenge is getting accurate weather data. San Diego has more than 200 weather stations operated by different organizations that monitor conditions daily, but they’re too spread out to provide the neighborhood-level detail the tool needs.

    Small, 3D-printed weather monitors developed by Scripps scientist Dr. Gregory Roberts are helping to close the gap. When mounted on vehicles and bikes, they record the temperature and humidity during the ride, creating a complete picture of the heat landscape. There is an effort underway to put these sensors on city buses, according to Mack.

    Darbi Berry, who leads the collaborative, said the project is designed to help cities identify practical solutions that fit their unique needs.

    Darbi Berry, director of climate and environmental programs, explaining the partnership behind the new heat map tool to an audience of climate experts at the San Ysidro Library. (Photo by Thomas Murphy/Times of San Diego)

    “Climate action is a ‘yes, and’ problem,” said Berry, who earned her master’s degree in Environmental and Ocean Sciences at USD. “There’s a lot of solutions we’re developing that can fit into existing places, rather than building a whole new wheel. That’s been really cool, especially for our smaller cities, who might not have the capacity to take on an entire planning process.”

    Filling these data gaps can help city planners identify which heat mitigation strategies will work best in different communities.

    Mack explains that heat mitigation is case-specific, meaning that what works downtown may not work for beach communities or small inland towns.

    The data from Heat Risk Employer, Berry said, provides city planners with scientific explanations for which heat strategies will work best, creating a roadmap to challenge rising temperatures with plans that best suit every community.

    Cities often experience the heat island effect, where pavement and buildings in dense urban areas absorb and trap the sun’s heat – significantly raising the temperature, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

    One way to combat this effect is through reflective coatings and lighter-colored surfaces that bounce sunlight away rather than absorbing it. 

    “There’s a lot of solutions: different paint, different roofs or education campaigns that can utilize art to showcase the culture of a community,” Berry said. “Climate solutions don’t have to be bland.”

    The climate collaborative is promoting this strategy, calling attention to the often forgotten aftermath of disasters.

    “One of the big risks with climate that we don’t often talk about is the risk of loss of our cultures in communities,” she said. “If you have a big wildfire that burns a lot of houses down, you don’t just lose the houses, you lose that community and the culture.”

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