It’s alive! Yellowstone’s geology, that is. A new geyser may be forming in Wyoming’s crown jewel national park. Over the last two weeks, park staff have observed signs of fresh seismic and hydrothermal activity near Black Diamond Pool, the site of a dramatic 2024 explosion that prompted rangers to close Biscuit Basin to tourists. Although far smaller than the eruption two years ago, the activity has created a new boiling pool in Biscuit Basin.
View this post on InstagramOn June 13, a static webcam installed in 2025 captured plumes of steam launching over ten feet into the air from cracks and ground vents around dawn. At the same time, monitoring equipment recorded seismic and infrasound activity beneath the same part of Black Diamond Pool. Later that morning, workers observed cloudy streams of hydrothermal water and sediment flowing out of the newly formed vents into the Firehole River.
Between June 14 and 16, the pool likely formed when the ground collapsed and filled with boiling water around one of these new vents just north of Black Diamond. The pool is currently about 350 feet in diameter, or roughly the same square footage as a two-car garage. Two days after it formed, a 20-to 30-foot geyser spouted from the pool, which scientists captured on camera.
View this post on InstagramIn a post to the USGS government website, members of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory noted that scientists had been walking on the ground where the pool formed just days prior. The rapid development shows just how dynamic Yellowstone is, and how quickly the landscape can change– especially in geological terms. The land that currently makes up Yellowstone National Park has been volcanically active for 2 million years, or since the Pliocene epoch. That sounds like a long time ago, but it’s relatively recent in Earth’s history.
Related: Most Visited National Park Shockingly Isn't Yellowstone or the Grand Canyon
Around the time this corner of what is now Wyoming began to heat up, the Panamanian land bridge between North and South America had only just formed, and early humans were beginning to walk out of Africa to other continents. The Himalaya, Alps, and Rocky Mountains were still forming, and the Mediterranean basin was rapidly filling with a future sea after the Strait of Gibraltar gave way during the Zanclean flood.
Before Yellowstone began to boil, the geological hotspot that fuels the park’s famous geysers and thermal features sat under what is now southeastern Idaho, where you can still see volcanic calderas and ancient lava flows in Craters of the Moon National Monument. Over the millennia, North America’s crust drifted over that hotspot to the southwest, leaving a string of lava flows and calderas that were later shaped by the Snake River into the region’s iconic canyons and river plains.
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Around 2 million years ago, that volcanic activity became centered beneath what we know as Yellowstone, with a series of cataclysmic eruptions that covered most of the Southwest and western plains in volcanic ash, reaching as far east as the Mississippi and as far south as Houston, Texas, and Louisiana. That activity continued every few hundred thousand years, blowing apart ridges and mesas and collapsing them into the 1,500 square mile Yellowstone Caldera.
The last major Yellowstone eruption occurred around 70,000 years ago during a period of global volcanic activity that included the Toba supereruption in Indonesia, which was large enough to cause almost a decade of global cooling and substantially impact human evolution. However, the park’s iconic geysers likely formed far more recently– around 15,000 years ago, after a large ice cap that covered Yellowstone melted and glacial activity further shaped the landscape.
Related: National Park Service Issues Major Warning to All Visitors, No Matter Which Park You're Visiting
Can You Visit the New Pool in Yellowstone?
The pool in Biscuit Basin may have appeared very suddenly, but don’t expect this to become the “New Faithful” anytime soon. It takes hundreds of thousands of years to form a geyser cone, and geyser activity is as strongly influenced by regional precipitation patterns as by what’s happening in the magma under the surface. The new pool hasn’t yet been named, and it may or may not remain full of water as conditions evolve.
Due to recent volatility, Biscuit Basin has been closed to visitors for the last two years, including the Black Oopal Pool, Black Diamond Pool, Sapphire Pool, and Jewel Geyser features. For anyone whose curiosity has been piqued by this latest explosion, however, there are hundreds more geysers, mudpots, fumaroles, and hot springs to observe in Yellowstone – not to mention the Biscuit Basin webcam that captured the formation of this new pool, and whatever might happen there next.
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