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Problematic 1971 Hit Took 3 Tries Before Finally Reaching No. 1

“Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)” had one of the strangest journeys to the top of the charts.

Long before Paul Revere & the Raiders turned the song into a No. 1 hit in 1971, it had already failed twice.

    The song was written by John D. Loudermilk and first recorded by singer Marvin Rainwater in 1959 under the title “The Pale Faced Indian.” But the record barely made an impact and quickly disappeared. Years later, former Sorrows singer Don Fardon recorded his own version of the song, and this time it gained a little traction, reaching No. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1968.

    Still, it wasn’t until Paul Revere & the Raiders released their version in 1971 that the song truly exploded.

    The band’s recording of “Indian Reservation” climbed all the way to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, where it spent one week at the top in July 1971. It became the biggest hit of the Raiders’ career and eventually sold millions of copies, earning platinum certification.

    Ironically, the song arrived at a strange point in the band’s history. Paul Revere & the Raiders had been one of the biggest hitmakers of the 1960s with songs like “Kicks,” “Hungry” and “Good Thing,” helped in part by regular appearances on Dick Clark’s TV shows. But by the early 1970s, the group’s popularity had faded as musical tastes shifted.

    “Indian Reservation” unexpectedly gave the band a massive comeback hit after several quieter years on the charts.

    But while the song became a commercial phenomenon, it has also drawn criticism over the years for inaccurate and stereotypical depictions of Cherokee culture. Critics have pointed out that Cherokee people did not traditionally live in tipis and did not use terms like “papoose,” both of which appear in some versions of the lyrics. Others have noted that the song’s depiction of Cherokee reservations and identity reflects outdated Hollywood-style stereotypes rather than authentic Cherokee history and culture.

    The controversy surrounding “Indian Reservation” didn’t end with the Raiders’ version. More than two decades later, Loudermilk co-wrote Tim McGraw’s 1994 breakthrough hit “Indian Outlaw,” which also drew criticism for stereotypical portrayals of Native Americans. The song sampled lyrics from “Indian Reservation” near the end and became McGraw’s first major crossover hit, though some radio stations reportedly refused to play it because of the backlash.

    According to his obituary from The Guardian, during a radio interview with legendary DJ Casey Kasem, the songwriter claimed he had written “Indian Reservation” after being stranded in a snowstorm and taken in by a group of Cherokee people, even inventing a fictional Cherokee chief named “Bloody Bear Tooth.” He also falsely claimed he discovered he had Cherokee ancestry through the Dawes Rolls and had been honored by the Cherokee Nation. In reality, none of the story was true, and Loudermilk later acknowledged that he made it up as part of an elaborate prank.

    Even so, the song remains one of the most memorable and unusual chart stories of the early 1970s, taking nearly a decade and three different versions before finally becoming a No. 1 hit.

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