Wikipedia’s founder, Jimmy Wales, has branded the Australian social media ban an “unmitigated disaster” and an “embarrassment” that is teaching kids to accept surveillance from tech companies when they go online.
The online encyclopaedia that anyone can edit was born in a world before social media, in 2001. But Wales told Guardian Australia that many of the ills of social media existed even in the earlier stages of the internet.
“Before social media, before Wikipedia, there was Usenet, which was like a giant, unmoderated message board,” he said.
“It was unbelievably toxic: flame wars constantly and personal attacks and just general horribleness.
“Humans don’t need algorithms to be mean to each other. We can do it on our own, so we shouldn’t be too rose-tinted about the past.”
Wales is visiting Australia in May for writers’ festivals promoting his book, Seven Rules of Trust, a look at how the model of trust between people who edit Wikipedia pages can be applied to political polarisation in modern discourse.
The seven rules include being transparent, making discussion between two people personal and being courteous.
Wales said the core bedrock rule of the Wikipedia community is no personal attacks.
“If you are attacking the other person, that’s really viewed negatively in the Wikipedia world,” he said.
“It’s very different from a lot of free-wheeling social media, where if you fly off the handle and start attacking someone, the algorithm notices that you’re causing engagement and you get promoted and get more followers.”
Wales describes the current social media environment as one where users are “just serfs on the master’s estate” where rules are made from above, enforced by “anonymous, faceless moderators” who work for the platforms.
“Whereas at Wikipedia, it’s all in the hands of the community.”
Despite his criticisms of social media – including the algorithms that are part of the Albanese government’s justification for banning under 16s from the platforms such as X, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok – Wales expressed his opposition to government policies, such as that in Australia, for keeping teens off social media.
Wales says governments should be educating adults on parental controls for children’s phones. Photograph: Bloomberg/Getty Images“I think it’s an unmitigated disaster, and it’s an embarrassment,” he said. “When it comes with demands that we adults have to prove our age, ie identify ourselves with personally identifying information … this is madness and it’s really unsafe.”
He pointed to recent changes to gaming platform Roblox that has begun using facial age assurance for users, that then groups those users – who can be as young as five – into specific age demographic groups that can only interact with each other, which is intended to reduce the risk of adults grooming kids and other unsafe experiences on the platform.
He said teaching children to get used to turning on their cameras when prompted by a tech platform was not a good idea.
“You’re pressuring really bad, unsafe behaviour on kids,” he said.
“I think there’s a massive moral panic around young people and social media that is really unjustified.”
Wales said reflecting on the rights of young people online was a deeper societal issue. “Most of the people who are in favour of this sort of thing aren’t in favour of that surveillance state and surveillance capitalism,” he said. “I just think they haven’t really thought it through.”
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