In sleep apnea, people stop breathing for brief periods of time, depriving the body and brain of oxygen, which can drive up blood pressure, contribute to atrial fibrillation, place added burden on the heart, and even sometimes lead to stroke.
Though Foundayo is only approved for chronic weight management—not yet for obstructive sleep apnea—the data suggest it’s the third product from Lilly to address the condition. Its two GLP-1 medications—Mounjaro for diabetes and Zepbound for weight loss—are already approved to treat obstructive sleep apnea in those groups. But both of those medicines require patients to inject themselves weekly; Foundayo is a pill, which could provide patients with a more convenient option if the FDA approves it for that purpose. Ken Custer, executive vice president and president of cardiometabolic health at Lilly, says that by the end of 2026, the company plans to submit a request to the FDA for Foundayo’s approval in people who are overweight or obese who also have obstructive sleep apnea.
The two studies published in JAMA included more than 700 people in nine countries who were overweight or obese—with a BMI of 27 or higher—and had moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Some used a device for positive airway pressure therapy (PAP), and some did not.
They also had about 44% fewer overnight apnea events over a year compared to those who took a placebo. By the end of a year, about 20% of those who took Foundayo either went into remission for their condition or transitioned to a milder form of the disease. Those results put Foundayo on par with Zepbound for its effect on sleep apnea.
The study also showed that people who did not use PAP devices had slightly greater reductions in sleep apnea events than those who did. Custer says that could indicate that PAP devices may be doing some of the work to manage the events. It’s also possible that those who didn’t use the devices were generally earlier in their disease.
Retatrutide and osteoarthritis
That’s what the researchers saw in two studies involving more than 1,000 people who were overweight or obese (with a BMI of at least 27) and also had osteoarthritis in the knee. People were given varying doses of retatrutide or placebo.
Schnitzer says the data should be strong enough to consider the experimental drug as a treatment for arthritis pain in the knee, and Custer says Lilly is studying the drug for chronic low back pain. Lilly is also studying Foundayo for more generalized pain that’s not related to weight. “We believe the incretins [the group of molecules to which GLP-1s belong] have analgesic effects mediated by something other than weight loss, given their involvement in inflammatory pathways and potentially impacts on neuronal function,” Custer says.
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