The findings reinforce the fact that even something that seems as harmless as sleeping for six hours a night instead of seven—roughly what the participants in this study did—has negative effects on the body.
This time, the goal was “a more realistic evaluation of what would happen if we asked people to restrict their sleep by 1.5 hours, to a level that's similar to what we generally observe in the population,” says Marie-Pierre St-Onge, director of the Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian Research at Columbia University.
The sleep-deprived participants gained about a pound over the six-week period, and their levels of leptin, a hormone linked to body fat, went up. “We found that they spent more time being sedentary during this period of sleep restriction compared to the period of adequate sleep,” says St-Onge. They were awake for longer, but they were less apt to use that time for exercise or moving around.
Can the effects of sleep deprivation be reversed?
If sleep deprivation is harmful, do studies where people are asked to sleep longer show a beneficial effect? Yes, says Reutrakul. She points to a 2022 study finding that when people who usually slept too little were asked to sleep more over the course of two weeks, they consumed 270 fewer calories a day. Appetite, sleep, activity—“It’s all interrelated,” she says.
Initially, the team was curious to see whether factors like age might change people’s responses to sleep deprivation. But they couldn’t find enough people to voluntarily forgo a nightly hour of sleep. “We wanted to get more postmenopausal women,” says St-Onge. “They were like, ‘There is no amount of money you can pay me.’”
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