While she was under, she had dreamed of being attacked. People who have had traumatic experiences often have nightmares about them. But this time, unable to wake up because of the anesthetic, this patient continued dreaming: She dreamed of going to the ER, having surgery, and then returning home and being back to normal. Waking up, she felt “wonderful,” she said. A follow-up with a psychiatrist suggested that before the surgery, she’d met the criteria for acute stress disorder, which is similar to PTSD. Afterwards, she did not. And she wasn’t the only one of Chow’s patients to have this experience.
In a recent pilot study in Anesthesiology, Chow, who is at Stanford University Medical School, and his colleagues report that a protocol intended to help patients dream during surgery is a feasible addition to standard of care. In this study, in which the protocol was used in hundreds of surgeries, the team didn’t find that dreaming correlated with less pain or anti-nausea medication afterwards, but they did find that anesthesia-induced dreams were very common and overwhelmingly positive, suggesting that dreaming could improve the experience of surgery.
What’s more, nearly 70% of patients who were primed to dream under anesthesia reported dreaming when they woke up, without a particularly complex protocol. First, patients who were receiving surgery were simply told that they might dream while under anesthesia. Then, they were given an anesthetic cocktail including the drug propofol, and their brain activity was tracked with EEG to monitor their level of sedation. Finally, after surgery, patients were given 10 minutes to wake up naturally and were asked immediately upon waking whether they had dreamed.
Pilleriin Sikka, a researcher at Stanford and an author of the paper, hopes that with such a low-effort prompt, it may be possible to run other experiments investigating whether dreaming under anesthesia can help with patient satisfaction after surgery, and whether it can help patients better recover from trauma.
Can dreaming under anesthesia be therapeutic?
Dr. Boris Heifets, one of the paper’s authors and a professor of anesthesiology at Stanford who also studies psychedelic treatments, agrees. “Every paper that's written about psychedelic therapeutics, you have this intense period of a psychoactive, non-ordinary state of consciousness, and then something changes, and people are better,” he says. When Heifets first met Chow and learned of his patients’ experiences, “the parallel was so clear.”
Going forward, the team hopes to use the protocol to explore dreams in PTSD patients more systematically. “The frontier is seeing how far this goes—if you can induce these dreamlike states and really make for transformative events in people's lives,” Heifets says.
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