In a post on Truth Social on Monday, Trump said he had spoken with the leaders of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, and Bahrain over the weekend, and that he wanted them to sign onto the Abraham Accords, a historic set of agreements brokered in 2020 that normalized diplomatic relations between Israel and several Arab countries. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was reportedly not part of the call.
The U.S. President said that most of the countries “should be ready, willing, and able to make this Settlement with Iran a far more Historic Event than it would, otherwise, be,” although certain countries may be excused from signing.
“If they don’t, they should not be part of this Deal in that it shows bad intention,” he said.
Trump’s appeal is likely to face resistance, however, given that the agreements were widely criticized by many in the Middle East for failing to address historic tensions, including the Palestinian issue. Israel’s bombardment of Gaza and Lebanon, and aggression towards Iran, have only intensified those feelings.
Here’s what to know about the accords and how they tie into a possible U.S.-Iran peace deal.
The U.A.E. and Bahrain were the first to sign on with Israel. Sudan agreed to normalize relations with Israel in October 2020, although formal ratification was delayed by its civil war. Morocco signed onto the accords in December 2020, and Kazakhstan, which has had diplomatic ties with Israel since the 1990s, joined the accords last November.
How have countries responded?
Pakistan has already said it will not join the accords. The country’s Defence Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif told Pakistani broadcaster Samaa TV that such an agreement “clashes with our fundamental ideologies.”
So far, no other countries besides Pakistan have publicly responded to Trump’s appeal.
Following the cease-fire between Israel and Hamas last October, Trump suggested that Saudi Arabia join the accords. The kingdom’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman said in November, when he met with Trump in Washington, that Saudi Arabia was open to joining the accords contingent upon a “clear path” toward Palestinian sovereignty.
“The Accords are seen as politically risky, especially now,” says Figueroa. “They were criticized [years ago] by citizens of the countries signing them that they traded support for the Palestinians for economic growth.”
“Trump’s efforts to link his current foreign policy disaster to his earlier diplomatic success is his latest attempt to placate the Israeli government, which has been deeply critical of his efforts to strike a peace agreement,” says Figueroa.
How could this affect a deal with Iran?
“It is correct to say that we have reached a conclusion on a large portion of the issues under discussion,” Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Esmail Baqai said in Tehran on Monday. “But to say that this means the signing of an agreement is imminent—no one can make such a claim.”
Even if an agreement is reached, some observers have cast doubt on how permanent it will be, especially as Iran has expressed skepticism ever since Israel attacked it last June, disrupting earlier U.S.-Iran nuclear negotiations. With the accords, Trump may be seeking to get Israel on board so as to secure a longer-lasting peace, Figueroa says.
“Trump seems to hope that the prospect of wider normalized relations and economic investment will keep this from happening,” Figueroa says. But he adds, “unless Trump can provide the Iranian government guarantees against further attacks from Israel, they have little incentive to accept any agreement.”
“It will only be a Great Deal for all or, no Deal at all — Back to the Battlefront and shooting, but bigger and stronger than ever before,” Trump said in his post.
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