The journey of thousands of Egyptians toward Europe, by desert, by dinghy, or by the hands of smugglers, remains treacherous amid tightened European controls, North African enforcement, and worsening risks at sea. Egypt is currently a source country, transit hub for other nationalities, and a recruitment ground for smuggling networks, in coastal provinces and desert towns. Economic stagnation, rising unemployment, and political pressures that limit legal avenues for migration have pushed some Egyptians and refugees to seek irregular passage. Between 2009 and 2024, over 71,200 migrants arrived illegally from Egypt to the EU, with the vast majority, amounting to 63,700, taking the Eastern Mediterranean route. In May of this year, around 200-250 Sudanese were leaving Egypt weekly. They follow desert smuggling routes into northeastern Libya before attempting the sea journey to the Greek island of Crete. often as economic migrants, to flee localized repression or the fallout from regional conflicts. Irregular Crossings However, during the first seven months of 2025, all migratory routes saw an overall 18 percent decline in irregular crossings into the European Union compared with the same period last year, according to Frontex, a European Border and…
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