Tiangong included an experiment in which atoms were cooled to 10 picokelvins, which is barely above absolute zero, the coldest theoretical temperature possible in physics. Absolute zero is minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 273.15 degrees Celsius) and the threshold at which all particles in an object are believed to stop moving.
The team placed 20,000 rubidium atoms in the trap in order to restrict their motion. This reduced motion, along with the weightlessness induced by the low-gravity environment aboard the space station, caused the cloud of atoms to cool to much lower temperatures than are possible on Earth.
"This record-low temperature could stimulate a new generation of ODT-based experiments in quantum simulation and precision measurements in space," the researchers wrote in the paper.
How low can you go?
"One version of the third law states that it would require an infinite number of steps to reach absolute zero, which means you will never get there," Saibal Mitra, a professor of physics at Missouri State University, told Live Science in a 2024 interview.
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Tiangong's very cold clump follows similar experiments on the International Space Station that reached 52 picokelvins and from a weightless fall induced by a drop from a tall tower, in which atoms hit 38 picokelvins, Science News added.
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