The findings, published Sept. 18 in the journal Science Advances, point to potential pathways for managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer, the scientists say.
To capture the biggest possible effects of exercise, the team included only data from participants who did the most or least exercise. One group worked out at least three times a week, racking up more than 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise in that timeframe. The sedentary group said they did not work out at all.
Many of these systems and their links to exercise were already known, said Dr. Michael Siebers, a researcher at the University of Duisburg-Essen who wasn't involved with the study. The study's real step forward was its subsequent cellular analysis, he said.
How exercise changes the immune system
This analysis used a multiomics approach, meaning it combined data from multiple biological sources. These included metabolites (the byproducts of metabolism), fats, proteins and RNA (a cousin of DNA that helps build proteins).
Together, these analyses enabled the research team to closely examine how cells in people who exercise regularly functioned differently from people with sedentary lifestyles. This deep dive showed multiple changes in immune cells.
The team also noted changes in cells that are in charge of alerting the rest of the immune system to threats, called immune monocytes and B cells. In people who regularly exercised, these cells had increased expression of alarm-sounding genes.
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The researchers also couldn't show that the regular exercise caused the immune improvements. It's possible that the reduced activation in sedentary participants' immune systems made them less able to exercise.
This article is for informational purposes only and is not meant to offer medical advice.
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