Where it is: 1,000 light-years away in the constellation Perseus
Behold: one of the largest panoramas from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) released to date. This busy and breathtaking image offers a remarkably detailed view of IC 348, a nearby stellar nursery where astronomers are investigating some of the smallest objects produced by star formation.
Across the scene, young stars punctuate the dark and luminous clouds. The concentration is greatest around the center, where bright stars show JWST's distinctive diffraction spikes — a result of the telescope's optical structure. In the upper-right of the image, still-forming protostars launch streams of material.
Stars come in all shapes and sizes, from massive stars that explode as supernovas after only a few million years to the smallest and most common stars, red dwarfs, which last for many billions of years. However, there is also a class of substellar objects called brown dwarfs — objects halfway between giant gas planets, like Jupiter, and stars.
Some zoomed-in details of the vast new image, showing: 1. A star embedded in a nebula; 2. The central star cluster; 3. Stars and faint outflows; 4. Herbig-Haro objects; 5. Gravitational lensing distorting light; 6. Spiral galaxies. (Image credit: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, K. Luhman, C. Alves De Oliveira, M. Zamani)How small the smallest brown dwarf can be is an open question in astrophysics. They form as molecular clouds of dust and gas collapse under their own gravity, much like regular stars do. However, unlike stars, brown dwarf cores never become hot enough to fuse hydrogen into helium. The brown dwarfs — or "failed stars," as they're sometimes called — in this JWST image will help researchers constrain the limits of how tiny these strange objects can get.
But if that tremendous view still isn't enough for you, IC 348 was also recently snapped by NASA's Chandra Observatory, which captured the stellar nursery and other cosmic objects shining purple in brilliant X-ray light.
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