The earliest evidence for an outbreak of plague has been uncovered at late stone age cemeteries in south-eastern Siberia where dozens of hunter-gatherers and their children were buried.
Ancient DNA collected from the remains suggests the disease tore through the sparse communities in devastating waves that began about 5,500 years ago, at least two centuries after the bacterium responsible, Yersinia pestis, first emerged.
The hunter-gatherers probably became infected after butchering or eating raw marmots, a risky practice that still causes plague deaths today. After spilling over from the chunky ground squirrels, the primary animal reservoir in the area, the disease spread from person to person, decimating families and others in close contact.
The work resolves a longstanding mystery of why so many children were among the dead at one cemetery in particular, named Ust-Ida, on the bank of the Angara River north-west of Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake in the world.
The shared graves uncovered at Ust-Ida predominantly contained the remains of children. Photograph: Vladimiri BazaliiskiiWhile older hunter-gatherers might have survived past brushes with the disease and gained some immunity, young children were exceptionally vulnerable. At least two-thirds of the dead at two of the cemeteries were under 15 years old. Many who died shared graves with siblings or other family members.
“The archaeologists were keen to see whether ancient DNA analysis could shed any light on what happened and it absolutely did,” said Ruairidh Macleod, a research fellow who studies ancient DNA at the University of Oxford. “Getting the result that all these people were dying of plague was extraordinary but super exciting. We really didn’t expect to find this in prehistoric hunter-gatherers.”
The international team, including researchers in Copenhagen, Alberta, Cambridge and London, analysed dental pulp in the teeth of skeletons excavated from the cemeteries. The graves typically run parallel to the river, with bodies laid so the heads point downstream.
Tests on 42 hunter-gatherers buried at four cemeteries on the Angara river found that 18 of them (39%) contained Y. pestis DNA, a higher proportion than is seen in some medieval plague pits. Given the high chance of false negatives, where infections are missed because the DNA is too degraded, the scientists suspect all those buried may have died from plague.
Writing in Nature, the researchers describe how the ancient DNA points to two distinct outbreaks, with the first starting about 5,500 years ago and the second 400 to 600 years later. Further analysis showed that Y. pestis emerged at least 5,700 years ago, after splitting from its ancestor, a bug called Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which can cause abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea and vomiting.
The earliest evidence of plague in Britain is 4,000 years old, with traces of Y. pestis found in the teeth of men and women excavated at bronze age burial sites in Cumbria and Somerset.
Hence then, the article about ancient dna provides evidence of earliest known plague outbreak was published today ( ) and is available on NY Times News ( Middle East ) The editorial team at PressBee has edited and verified it, and it may have been modified, fully republished, or quoted. You can read and follow the updates of this news or article from its original source.
Read More Details
Finally We wish PressBee provided you with enough information of ( Ancient DNA provides evidence of earliest known plague outbreak )
Also on site :
- After 100 years, the BBC still aspires to be the best of us – and if we take it for granted, we're fools
- Ghana vs. Panamá, por el Grupo L del Mundial 2026: previa, alineaciones, hora y cómo ver por TV e internet
- Fahadh Faasil to Star in Two Malayalam Films for India’s Panorama Studios and Producer Jacob Babu (EXCLUSIVE)