As with the general web, using a VPN with the dark web isn't essential, but is recommended. However, you should also check for IP leaks before you start doing any dark web browsing, even with a VPN up and running.
Avoid leaving fingerprints by resizing your browser window
Tor and a VPN of your choice can hide a lot about your identity, but you're still vulnerable to fingerprinting when you're on the dark web. That's where information being reported by your computer—such as the operating system, the system time, and even the fonts you have installed—is used to recognize you as an individual.
Another key piece of information used in fingerprinting is the size of your monitor display: If your browser window fills your screen, a bad actor can infer what monitor or device you may be using. Tor does use some tricks to try and obfuscate this, but you can help by not maximizing your browser window (and perhaps randomly resizing it from time to time).
An identity reset in Tor. Credit: LifehackerClick the menu button (three horizontal lines, top right), then pick New identity. All currently open tabs will be closed, and the browser restarts. You'll be rerouted through different Tor circuits to get back online, and all previous browsing data and cookies will be wiped away.
Use Dangerzone to securely open files on the dark web
Anything you do need to open should be opened through Dangerzone. It basically puts a security sandbox around PDFs, images, and office documents, and strips out any kind of malicious or tracking data embedded in the file. You're then left with a sanitized file that's passed security clearance and can be opened as normal.
Add a bridge for extra security
Standard Tor nodes (or relays) still report an IP address, though it won't be your actual one. Bridges don't share IP addresses at all, which makes it even harder for someone else to track who you are and what you're doing. They're particularly useful in countries where known Tor relays might be blocked by the authorities.
Connection to configure a bridge. Use Request bridges to ask for a bridge link from the official Tor bot, or use the web or Telegram links to find one.
Setting a pluggable transport. Credit: LifehackerTo configure a pluggable transport bridge inside Tor, click the menu button (three horizontal lines, top right), then pick Settings > Connection. Click Select a built-in bridge to choose from one of the available pluggable transports, which each come with a description of how they work.
Kill your other tasks and apps before surfing the dark web
Not only can running apps help to identify your system for fingerprinting (see the window resizing tip above), they can also make you more vulnerable to malicious websites and malware you might come across on the dark web. The more programs you've got running besides Tor, the bigger the target area for bad actors.
Use tools to create a "dark web persona"
Some dark web users set down rules for a whole new internet persona to make it harder to reveal their real identities. This might involve going online at different times, using different devices, and maybe even different wifi networks. Any overlap with your "regular" internet use puts you at more risk.
This extends to email addresses and login names too: Use different ones on the dark web to the ones that you normally use. You can get burner email addresses from plenty of providers, including DuckDuckGo and Apple.
Ramping up browser security. Credit: LifehackerClick the menu button (three horizontal lines), then Settings > Privacy & Security and Change under Security. Select Safest to put Tor into maximum security mode, then click Save and restart.
Connect through Tails OS for an extra security layer
Tails runs from either a USB stick or through a virtual machine, which means any malware that does sneak through your defenses can't reach your main operating system and everything on it. (Everything on the OS runs through the Tor platform, not just the browser.) You will need to set aside some time for this, but it's worth the additional effort if you want to stay as safe as possible. Tails offers a full guide explaining how to get started.
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