As formal job options shrink, entrepreneurship is increasingly presented as a solution. The report shows that interest is rising fast: between 2018 and 2022, the number of young people who saw themselves as potential entrepreneurs increased sevenfold. Yet this growth hides a difficult reality. Most youth-led businesses are small, informal, and short-lived. Many young people turn to self-employment not because they see a strong business opportunity, but because they have no better alternatives. This type of “necessity entrepreneurship” helps people survive, but rarely leads to stable incomes or business growth.
Why Young Businesses Struggle to Grow
Entrepreneurship is not a one-time decision but a journey. Young people dominate the earliest stages, dreaming about business ideas or running very new enterprises, but few make it to the stage of stable, established businesses. Younger youth, especially those aged 15 to 24, are more likely to enter entrepreneurship out of necessity and face the highest failure rates. Women, too, tend to drop out as businesses mature, even though those who succeed are among the most productive entrepreneurs in the country.
Bhutan has made real progress in building an environment that encourages people to start businesses. Governance is strong, corruption is low, and recent reforms have made it easier to register firms. Public start-up centers, incubators, and partnerships with international organizations have helped spark interest among young people. But the report finds that support largely stops at the start-up phase.
What Needs to Change
The economic stakes are high. The report estimates that helping young entrepreneurs move from necessity to opportunity-based businesses could have added the equivalent of 1.4 percent of Bhutan’s GDP each year in recent times. To unlock this potential, the study calls for a shift in thinking. Instead of focusing mainly on creating new start-ups, Bhutan needs a full entrepreneurship development approach that supports young people throughout the life of their businesses.
That means better coordination across government agencies, stronger mentoring networks, improved access to growth finance, and education that builds both practical and soft skills from an early age. It also means tackling social attitudes that still see entrepreneurship as a second-best option compared to public sector jobs. With the right support, youth entrepreneurship could become not a last resort, but a powerful engine for jobs, inclusion, and long-term economic resilience in Bhutan.
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