ROCHESTER, N.Y. – What defines harsh winter weather? The word “harsh” can be subjective, but for many of us it comes down to a combination of very cold temperatures and increasing wind speeds. To better communicate how these conditions feel, News10NBC First Alert meteorologists rely on a tool known as the wind chill index.
So, what exactly is wind chill? The human body loses heat through a process called convection. When the air temperature is 32 degrees and winds are calm, a thin layer of warmer air remains next to the skin, acting as natural insulation. This layer helps slow heat loss as long as the air remains still.
However, once the wind increases, that insulating layer is stripped away. At the same temperature, a wind speed of 20 miles per hour can significantly accelerate heat loss from the body. As wind speeds increase, the rate at which the body loses heat also increases. The wind chill index reflects this effect, describing how cold the air feels on exposed skin rather than the actual air temperature. For most people, this is when shivering begins.
You can determine the wind chill yourself by using a wind chill chart. By knowing both the air temperature and the average wind speed, you can estimate how cold it will feel outdoors. While wind chill values can fluctuate depending on wind, we expect overnight wind chills to fall within just a few degrees of zero.
The best way to protect yourself in these conditions is to dress in layers and cover all exposed skin to reduce heat loss.
First Alert Weather In-Depth: Why winter feels colder than the thermometer says WHEC.com.
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