Damascus, Dec. 27 (SANA) The Circassians (Adyghe) in Syria represent a rich model of social and cultural diversity, carrying with them from their original homeland in the North Caucasus an ancient heritage and deeply rooted traditions, they succeeded in integrating into Syrian society while preserving their cultural uniqueness and historical identity, becoming an integral part of the Syrian national fabric.
From the North Caucasus to the Levant
The original homeland of the Circassians is the North Caucasus, historically known as “Circassia,” which stretched across central and western North Caucasus from the Caucasus Mountains to the Don River and the Sea of Azov, reaching Chechnya. At one stage, it covered an area of about 400,000 square kilometers.
Syrian writer and researcher of Circassian origin, Adnan kabartai told SANA in English that the Circassians historically consisted of 17 tribes, five of which became extinct, leaving 12 tribes. This is symbolized by the 12 stars on the Circassian flag.
Migration and Preservation of Identity
The Circassians migrated to several countries including Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Palestine, where they preserved their cultural identity rich in arts and traditions. According to kabartai, the Circassian population in Syria today is around 200,000, distributed across the governorates of Quneitra, Damascus, and Aleppo. They actively participated in all aspects of Syrian life while maintaining their language and customs.Settlements in Syria.
Circassians settled in several villages in northern and central Syria, such as Manbij, Khanasir , and Ras al-Ain, as well as Tal Amri and Ayn al-Niser. In Damascus, they concentrated in Marj al-Sultan in Eastern Ghouta, one of their largest communities, in addition to neighborhoods such as al- Muhajreen, Rukn al-Din, Qudsaya, and Harasta.
The Golan also became a major settlement area, particularly the village of Beer Ajam, which hosted about 80 percent of the Circassian population due to its mountainous nature resembling their original homeland.
Integration While Preserving Traditions
The Circassians integrated into Syrian society across political, intellectual, and cultural spheres, contributing to public life while preserving their traditional rituals—especially weddings, which continue to follow inherited customs influenced by Syria’s rich environment.
Circassian Wedding Rituals
Marriage customs are among the most distinctive Circassian traditions. Sometimes they involve “Khutifa” (abduction) in cases of parental opposition, carried out under strict codes known as “Kwasa,” meaning slipping away from the family home to begin a new life. The ritual starts with a prior agreement between the young couple, followed by a symbolic notification to the village, then the completion of engagement and marriage procedures according to tradition.
Traditional Dress as a Symbol of Identity
Circassians maintain a strong bond with their land and heritage, with traditional clothing serving as a key symbol of identity. Men wear the woolen “Qalpaq,” a leather belt, the Circassian dagger “shashka,” and the traditional coat “A chokha.” Women’s attire is distinguished by artistic embroidery reflecting social status and occasion.
Arts, Music, and Dance
Arts hold a special place among the Circassians. The “Qafa” dance, known as the dance of princes, is one of the most famous, accompanied by romantic accordion melodies. Traditional instruments include the accordion, violin, bjemi, flute, and Apkhyarestа.
Circassian Cuisine
Circassian cuisine is notable for its unique flavors. Among its most famous dishes is “Ships Pasta,” made of meat, walnuts, hot pepper, rice, and bulgur. Another specialty is “Haliva” pies stuffed with cheese, potatoes, or pumpkin, usually served at breakfast with tea.
Ongoing Cultural Presence
Highlighting Circassian heritage, the Circassian Charity Association in Damascus recently inaugurated a book and document exhibition as part of a cultural event that shed light on Circassian history and presence in Syria, and their role within the national fabric, with the participation of researchers and cultural figures.
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