It can also be used to screen for chromosomal abnormalities, but this will then require a diagnostic test such as amniocentesis. During the test, we look for soft markers that are not real abnormalities, but to show an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
Here the whole structure of the baby that includes the head, brain, face chest, heart, stomach, kidneys, bladder, spine and all four limbs are checked to be anatomically normal.
However, general practitioners are not trained to do these examinations. By law, they and the sonographers (not registered under the Private Healthcare and Facilities Act) are not allowed to perform these examinations as they are unable to provide the complete test.
Even when the scan does not show an abnormality, the patient needs to be informed that certain abnormalities may develop later or not detected due to the fetal circulation such as an atrial septal defect and a persistent ductus arteriosus, which is normal in a fetal circulation but not after birth. The scan also does not detect chromosomal abnormalities and rare genetic syndromes.
The plan for the management of the baby can be executed before the baby is born. This ensures a smooth plan and execution of the treatment of the baby, in which care in the neonatal intensive care unit and the surgical management are done together.
This could also shed on the risk of other problems in the baby that will be counselled to the patient and her family.
There are options available to patients and some of the treatment may even be initiated while the baby is still in the womb.
This article is contributed by consultant obstetrician & gynaecologist, maternal fetal medicine Datuk Dr H. Krishna Kumar.
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