When French troops disembarked at the port of Beirut in September 1920, intent on dissolving the short-lived Arab government, they were met by welcoming crowds of local Maronites and members of Lebanon’s smaller Christian sects. Amidst a sea of French flags, these groups hailed France as "al-umm al-hanuni" – their "tender, loving mother" in Arabic. Eighty years since Lebanon proclaimed independence, on 22 November, 1943, France’s sense of neo-colonial maternalism endures. Since that date, a cornerstone of French foreign policy in Lebanon has been to patronise various political-sectarian factions while turning a blind eye to elite misconduct. This misguided approach has
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